1. Invoice yolipirira nkhungu yomwe inkaoneka bwino komanso yosakhala bwino

Invoice inafika mu bokosi la wogula ndi chinthu chimodzi cholembedwa kuti “ndalama zolipirira.” Ndalamazo zinali zoyenera, mbiri ya wogulitsayo inali yolimba, ndipo nthawi ya polojekitiyo inagwirizana ndi nthawi yogula ya wogulitsayo nthawi ya autumn. Wogulayo anasaina.

Patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, wogula yemweyo anabwerera patebulo la owerengera ndalama ndi funso losiyana: "N'chifukwa chiyani mtengo wathu woyamba wa batch unali wokwera kuposa momwe tinaneneratu, ngakhale kuti mtengo wa nkhungu unafanana ndi mtengo?" Ofufuza omwe adatsatira adavumbulutsa zomwe mtengo wa nkhungu wa mzere umodzi sunawonekere. Chinthu cha mzere wa nkhungu chinali cholondola. Invoice ya mtengo wa nkhungu inalibe zinthu zina zinayi zomwe, zitaphatikizidwa, zinali gawo lofunika la ndalama zoyamba.

Kachitidwe aka - mtengo wolipirira nkhungu womwe uli wolondola pa chinthu chowoneka komanso chosakwanira pa zinthu zosaoneka - ndiye kulephera kofala kwambiri komwe timawona mu mapulojekiti oyamba a OEM a zida za nsungwi. Nkhani yotsalayi ikufotokoza za kafukufuku yemwe amawonetsa zinthu zomwe zikusowa, mzere ndi mzere.

2. Kodi "ndalama zolipirira nkhungu" zimaphimba chiyani mu zipangizo za nsungwi?

Mawu akuti "ndalama zolipirira nkhungu" pogula zida za kukhitchini za nsungwi satanthauza tanthauzo lake pogula zida za pulasitiki. Mu pulasitiki OEM, "ndalama zolipirira nkhungu" amatanthauza chida chachitsulo chokhala ndi mabowo opangidwa ndi makina omwe amapanga pulasitiki yosungunuka pansi pa kukakamizidwa, ndipo ndalama zolipirira nkhungu ndi chinthu chimodzi chachikulu chomwe chimachepetsedwa nthawi yonse yopangira. Mu kugula zida za kukhitchini za nsungwi ndi acacia, "ndalama zolipirira nkhungu" zimaphimba zida zambiri, ndipo ndalama zolipirira nkhungu ndi chinthu chimodzi chomwe chili ndi mtengo wamitundu yambiri.

Kapangidwe ka mtengo wonse wa nsungwi yopangira chidebe cha ziwiya kamakhala ndi zigawo zisanu zosiyana. Gawo lililonse ndi chinthu chosiyana cha ogulitsa mu mtengo wokonzeka kuwerengedwa, ndipo gawo lililonse nthawi zambiri limakulungidwa kapena kubisika mu mtengo woyamba woperekedwa kwa wogula.

2.1 Gawo 1 - Zida zokhudzana ndi geometry

Mapulogalamu a CNC, ma sanding jigs, ndi zomangira zomaliza za geometry yatsopano ya ziwiya. Iyi ndi gawo lomwe limawoneka ngati "ndalama zolipirira" pa mtengo wogulira. Pa geometry yatsopano - seti ya acacia spurtle ya zidutswa 5 yokhala ndi mbiri yogwirira mwamakonda, mwachitsanzo - gawo ili ndi lofunika. Pa geometry yokhazikika yochokera ku kabukhu komwe kalikonse ka ogulitsa, gawo ili ndi laling'ono kwambiri chifukwa mapulogalamu a CNC ndi ma sanding jigs nthawi zambiri amatha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.

2.2 Gawo 2 - Kubwerezabwereza zitsanzo

Mtengo wopanga ndi kutumiza zitsanzo zingapo kuti zitseke mawonekedwe ake, kumaliza kwake, malo ojambulira ndi laser, ndi kapangidwe kake. Kusankha nsungwi ndi mtengo wa acacia nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi zitsanzo ziwiri kapena zinayi, ndipo chitsanzo chilichonse chimakhala ndi mtengo wopanga zitsanzo kuphatikiza mtengo wotumizira womwe ogula omwe amawunika molingana ndi OEM ya pulasitiki amaphonya mwachizolowezi.

2.3 Gawo 3 - Zida zopakira

Zida zogwiritsira ntchito bokosi lamkati, zida zogwiritsira ntchito bokosi lapamwamba, ndi mbale zosindikizira zithunzi. Ogula atsopano nthawi zambiri amakonza bajeti ya zida zogwiritsira ntchito bokosi lamkati zokha ndipo samapeza zida zogwiritsira ntchito bokosi lapamwamba, zomwe ndi zida zosiyana zomwe zimayikidwa malinga ndi zomwe wogulitsa akupereka. Mapepala osindikizira zithunzi nawonso ndi chinthu chosiyana, ndipo amafanana ndi chiwerengero cha SKU m'gulu la zinthu.

2.4 Gawo 4 - Zopangira zojambula ndi laser

Chogwirizira chomwe chimagwira chiwiyacho pamalo ake pojambula logo ndi laser. Pa logo yomwe yayikidwa pamalo oyenera pa chogwirira, chogwirizira ichi nthawi zambiri chingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuchokera ku laibulale ya chogwirizira yomwe ilipo ya wogulitsa. Pa logo yomwe imafuna malo osakhala ofanana kapena kuya kwa chogwirizira chosakhala ofanana, chogwiriziracho chimapangidwa mwamakonda ndipo chimawonjezera mtengo.

2.5 Gawo 5 - Kusintha kwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito pakati pa magulu

Mtengo wosinthira zida pakati pa magulu opanga monga momwe mawonekedwe ake amakhalira umakonzedwa bwino kutengera mayankho ogulitsa, pamene kuya kwa laser-graving kumasinthidwa, kapena pamene kapangidwe ka ma CD kasinthidwa kuti kagwirizane ndi zomwe wogulitsa watsopano akufuna. Gawoli ndi losawoneka bwino kwambiri m'mawu operekedwa kwa ogula chifukwa limabwerezabwereza osati pasadakhale, koma ndi gawo lomwe ogula odziwa bwino ntchito amakambirana momveka bwino.

3. Zigawo zisanu zobisika za mtengo - kuwunika kwa mzere wa chinthu

Gome lowunikira pansipa limakonza magawo asanu kuchokera ku H2 2 kukhala mtundu wa mzere-chinthu. Gawo la "Chomwe Chinasowa" ndilo cholinga cha kafukufuku - limajambula zinthu za mzere zomwe mawu a mzere umodzi "malipiro a mold" samawonekera.

Mizere isanu ya tebulo ili ndi yowunikira ya gawo ndi gawo. Wogula amene amadutsa mzere uliwonse ndi wogulitsa asanasainire mtengo wa ndalama za nkhungu amaonekera pa zigawo zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino asanayambe kutayika kwa ndalama mu gulu loyamba.

4. Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito nsungwi kumafanana bwanji ndi mtengo wa nkhungu ya pulasitiki

Kuwunika kwa magulu osiyanasiyana pansipa kukuyerekeza zida zophikira nsungwi ndi mtengo wa nkhungu wa OEM wa pulasitiki m'magawo anayi enieni. Iyi si njira yodziwira - ndi kuyerekeza kwa forensic komwe kumawonekera pomwe kapangidwe ka mtengo wa nsungwi kamasiyana ndi pulasitiki yomwe ogula ambiri atsopano amapereka.

4.1 Zipangizo ndi moyo wa chipangizocho

Kampani ya pulasitiki ya OEM imagwiritsa ntchito zinyalala zopangira zitsulo zomwe zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zopangira ndi zotulutsa zokhazikika. Zida za nsungwi ndi acacia zimagwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu a CNC, ma sanding jigs, ndi zida zomalizitsa zomwe zimawonongeka mosiyana chifukwa kusinthasintha kwa zinthu zachilengedwe kumapangitsa kuti geometry isinthe pambuyo pa zochitika zingapo zopangira. Mtengo wa zida zopangira ndi wotsika pa nsungwi, koma lingaliro la moyo wa zida zomwe wogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito kuti achepetse mtengo wake nalonso ndi lotsika.

4.2 Zinyalala za zinthu pa ntchito yosindikizira

Zidutswa zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki zimatuluka mu nkhungu pafupi ndi mawonekedwe a ukonde. Nsungwi ndi acacia press zimataya zinthu chifukwa cha kudula kwa tirigu, kusintha chinyezi, ndi kupukuta pamwamba. Mawonekedwe a zinyalala za nsungwi ndi acacia tooling ndi apamwamba kuposa pulasitiki, ndipo zinyalala zimakhala zovuta kupanga chifukwa zimadalira malo a nsungwi osati makina.

4.3 Kuchuluka kwa ntchito yokonzanso zitsanzo

Kusankha zitsanzo za pulasitiki nthawi zambiri kumachitika kamodzi kapena kawiri. Kusankha zitsanzo za nsungwi ndi acacia nthawi zambiri kumachitika kawiri kapena kanayi, chifukwa njira ya tirigu, chinyezi chomwe chimayikidwa, komanso kusinthasintha kwa mchenga kumabweretsa kusiyana komwe pulasitiki ndi chitsulo sizimachita. Kuchuluka kwa kusanthula zitsanzo ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zitsanzo za nsungwi ndi pulasitiki kwa ogula a OEM.

4.4 Chitsimikizo ndi ndalama zoyendetsera unyolo wa ukhondo

Kampani ya pulasitiki ya OEM ili ndi njira zodziwika bwino zowongolera - FDA, EU food contact, LFGB. Bamboo OEM ili ndi njira zomwezo kuphatikiza satifiketi ya FSC chain-of-custody, yomwe imagwira ntchito pazinthu zokha osati pa chinthu chomalizidwa. Mtengo wa FSC chain-of-custody umachepetsedwa pa kuchuluka kwa nsungwi zonse za wogulitsa, koma ndi mtengo weniweni womwe ogula a pulasitiki a OEM sagwirizana nawo.

Kuyerekeza kwa akatswiri a zamankhwala kukuwonetsa kuti zida za nsungwi OEM si "zotsika mtengo za pulasitiki OEM." Mapangidwe awiriwa ndi osiyana, ndipo wogula amene amayesa nsungwi OEM ngati mtundu wotsika mtengo wa pulasitiki OEM sadzagwiritsa ntchito bajeti yokwanira.

5. Chidutswa cha zitsanzo chomwe chimawonjezera kawiri ndalama zomwe mwayika mu nkhungu

Chidutswa chosinthira zitsanzo ndicho gawo limodzi losayerekezeka kwambiri pakuyerekeza mtengo wa nkhungu ya ziwiya za nsungwi. Chifukwa chake ndi chakuti chidutswacho chimasakanikirana. Chidutswa chilichonse chimapanga chidziwitso chomwe chimayambitsa chidutswa china, ndipo mtengo wophatikizana wa zidutswa zitatu kapena zinayi ukhoza kufanana ndi mtengo wa zida zomwe zimafanana ndi geometry.

Chingwe choyimira zitsanzo cha geometry yatsopano ya zida za nsungwi chimayenda motere. Chitsanzo choyamba chimatsimikizira kuthekera kwa geometry ndi momwe tirigu amagwirira ntchito. Chitsanzo chachiwiri chimakonza mavuto omwe amapezeka mu makulidwe oyamba - nthawi zambiri a chogwirira, kumaliza kwa sanding, kapena kuya kwa laser. Chitsanzo chachitatu chimagwirizanitsa kapangidwe ka phukusi ndi miyeso ya shelufu yogulitsira. Chitsanzo chachinayi, chikafunika, chimatseka mtundu womaliza ndi mawonekedwe omaliza.

Chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi mtengo wopangira zitsanzo (zipangizo, nthawi ya makina, ntchito yomaliza) kuphatikiza mtengo wotumizira zitsanzo (kulemera kwa ziwiya za nsungwi kumapangitsa kuti kutumiza kwapadziko lonse kusakhale kophweka). Mtengo wokwanira wa zigawo zitatu ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa mtengo wa chitsanzo chimodzi, chifukwa chigawo chilichonse chimayambitsanso nthawi yowunikira ukadaulo wa ogulitsa yomwe wogulitsa nthawi zambiri sailemba padera koma amaiphatikiza mu mtengo uliwonse.

Kuphatikizika kwa zinthu ndi komwe kumapangitsa kuti chizunguliro cha zitsanzo chikhale "chomwe chimawonjezera kawiri ndalama zomwe zayikidwa mu nkhungu zisanatumizidwe koyamba," monga momwe taonera mu TL;DR pamwambapa. Wogula amene amakonza bajeti ya chitsanzo chimodzi pa mtengo wa chitsanzo chimodzi adzachepetsa bajeti ya gawo la zitsanzo ndi chinthu chomwe chimayandikira mzere wolipirira nkhungu.

6. Zimene ogula odziwa bwino ntchito amakambirana (zomwe ogula atsopano sachita)

Ogula zida za kukhitchini za nsungwi odziwa bwino ntchito yawo amaona mtengo wa nkhungu ngati poyambira kukambirana osati ngati chiŵerengero chomaliza. Malo asanu okambirana amapezeka nthawi zonse, ndipo ogula atsopano ambiri sakhudza chilichonse mwa izo.

Pamwamba 1 - Kuganiza za moyo wa zida.Lingaliro la moyo wokhazikika wa zida zomwe wogulitsa amagwiritsa ntchito pochepetsa mtengo wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa geometry nthawi zambiri limakhala losasinthika kwa wogulitsayo komanso loipa kwa wogula. Moyo wautali wa zida zomwe zimaganiziridwa kuti ndi zotsika mtengo umakulitsa nthawi yochepetsera mtengo ndikuchepetsa gawo la gawo lililonse. Kukambirana ndi ngati wogulitsayo akufuna kudzipereka ku moyo wokhazikika wa zida nthawi zonse popanga zinthu osati zaka zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mtengowo ukhale wolondola kwambiri.

Pamwamba 2 - Kukulitsa kwa kutalika kwa mtengo.Kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa nthawi zomwe wogula ayenera kubweza ndalama zomwe wagwiritsa ntchito. Kuchuluka kwa nthawi yayitali kumachepetsa kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pa gulu lililonse koma kumawonjezera kufalikira kwa wogula ngati kuchuluka kwa ndalama zomwe zaperekedwa sikukwanira. Kukambirana ndi ngati wogula angatseke malire a nthawi yayitali posinthana ndi ndalama zochepa zomwe zaperekedwa.

Pamwamba 3 - Kusintha bajeti yokonzedweratu.Kusintha kwa zida zapakati pa magulu ndi mtengo wobwerezabwereza womwe ogula atsopano nthawi zambiri sapanga bajeti konse. Ogula odziwa bwino ntchito amakambirana za bajeti yosinthidwa isanaperekedwe - chiwerengero chokhazikika cha maulendo osinthidwa omwe akuphatikizidwa mu ntchito - zomwe zimaletsa mtengo wosinthidwa kuti usatengedwe ndi malire a unit m'magulu amtsogolo.

Pamwamba 4 - Kuyesa mtengo wonse wa bajeti.Maulendo obwerezabwereza a zitsanzo amatchulidwa ngati maulendo amodzi m'magawo ambiri oyamba kupereka zitsanzo. Ogula odziwa bwino ntchito amakambirana za malire a bajeti yozungulira ya zitsanzo - chiwerengero chokhazikika cha maulendo omwe akuphatikizidwa mu gawo la polojekiti - chomwe chimalepheretsa kuzungulira kwa zitsanzo kukula popanda kukambirana za mtengo wofanana.

Pamwamba 5 - Chotsekera mkati cha scope.Chida chopakira zinthu nthawi zambiri chimakhala chosamveka bwino m'mawu oyamba, pomwe bokosi lamkati, katoni yayikulu, ndi mbale zosindikizira zimalembedwa ngati mzere umodzi wophatikizidwa. Ogula odziwa bwino ntchito amakambirana za chotseka cha chida chopakira zinthu chomwe chimalekanitsa bwino chogwirira chilichonse ndikugawa mtengo wokhazikika kwa chilichonse.

Malo asanu omwe ali pamwambawa si malo okhawo okambirana, koma ndi malo asanu omwe ogula zida za nsungwi amasonkhanitsa nthawi zonse. Ogula atsopano omwe amakweza ngakhale malo amodzi mwa awa pa kukambirana koyamba nthawi zambiri amawona kusintha kwakukulu pa chinthu cholipira mold line chokha.

7. Mndandanda wa zowerengera ndalama zogulira nkhungu musanasainire mtengo

Mndandanda wa zowerengera zomwe zili pansipa ndi kusungunuka kwa magawo asanu ndi awiri omwe ali pamwambapa. Kuyenda ndi wogulitsa musanasainire mtengo wa nkhungu ndiyo njira yodalirika kwambiri yowunikira zigawo zomwe sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino zisanatuluke m'malire.

Chinthu chilichonse chomwe chasankhidwa pamndandandawu chikuyimira gawo la kafukufuku lomwe mtengo wa "mold fee" wa mzere umodzi suwonekera. Kuyenda m'magawo onse asanu ndi awiri ndi wogulitsa musanasainire kumabweretsa mtengo wosiyana kwambiri ndi mtengo woyamba, ndipo kusiyana kwake ndi kuchepa kwa bajeti komwe kafukufukuyu adapangidwira kupewa.